South Korea’s military high command said that it fired warning shots at a civilian vessel from North Korea that had crossed the countries’ maritime border. North Korea told a different story, decrying South Korea’s claims as a “pretext” for sending two of its own vessels across the frontier. It fired ten rounds of artillery into the sea as a “warning”.
๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๋ถ๋ ํด์๊ฒฝ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ก์ง๋ฅธ ๋ถํ ์ผ๋ฐ ์ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ ๋ช ๋ นํ์๋ค. ๋ถํ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ๋ฉฐ ๋ํ๋ฏผ๊ตญ์ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ์์ 2 ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋ณด๋ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ํ๊ณ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋ค. ์ด๋ฒ์ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ค๋ก ๋จ์ด์ก๋ค.
command /kษหmษหnd/
an order, especially one given by a soldier
control over someone or something and responsibiliy for him or her or it
civilian /sษชหvษชl.jษn/
a person who is like me ใ
a person who is not a member of the police or the armed force
vessel /หves.ษl/
a large boat or a ship
decry /dษชหkraษช/
to criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary
pretext /หpriห.tekst/
a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real reason
India's pollution season
The Hindu festival of Diwali, which this year falls on Monday, celebrates the victory of light over darkness. But for large parts of northern India, it also heralds the start of something dark: pollution season. In autumn and winter India’s air becomes increasingly toxic as the Himalayas trap the emissions of the 600m people who populate the sprawling Indo-Gangetic Plain. Sources of contamination are manifold. Some comes from industry and transport; some from farmers burning crop waste; and some from homes burning biomass for fuel.
India’s government has not ignored air pollution but struggles to control the smog. The pandemic did provide some respite. In Delhi, the capital, levels of PM2.5, the most dangerous particles, improved by 20% in the past three years compared with the pre-pandemic average. But the worry is that as India’s economy returns to normality, so will pollution. Even before Diwali Delhi’s air has become dangerously unhealthy.
์ฌํด, ํ๋ ์ถ์ ๊ฐ ์ง๋ ์์์ผ์ ์ด๋ ธ๋ค. ์ด๋ ์ ์ด๊ฒจ๋ธ ์น๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ถํํ๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ธ๋์ ๋ง์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์ฐจ์งํ๋ ๋ถ์ชฝ์ ์ด๋์ด ๋ฉด, ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค์ผ์ด ์์๋์๋ค. ๊ฐ์๊ณผ ๊ฒจ์ธ์ ์ธ๋์ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ ํ๋ง๋ผ์ผ ์ฐ๋งฅ์ด ๋๊ฒ ํผ์ณ์ง ์ธ๋-๊ฐ๊ฒํฑ ํ์ผ์ ์ฌ๋ 6์ต ๋ช ์ ๋ฐฐ์ถ๋ฌผ์ ๊ฐ๋๋ฉด์ ์ ์ ๋ ๋ ํด์ง๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ค์ผ์์ ๋ค์ํฉ๋๋ค. ์ผ๋ถ๋ ์ฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ด์ก์ , ์ผ๋ถ๋ ๋์๋ฌผ ์ฐ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ฐ๋ ๋๋ถ, ์ผ๋ถ๋ ์ฐ๋ฃ๋ฅผ ์ํด ์๋ฌผ์ ํ์ฐ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๋์จ๋ค.
์ธ๋ ์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค์ผ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋ฉดํ์ง ์๊ณ ์ค๋ชจ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ํต์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํด์ ๋ ธ๋ ฅํ๊ณ ์๋ค. ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์ํฉ์ด ์ ๊น์ ํด์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค. ์๋์ธ ๋ธ๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ต์ฅํ ์ํํ ์์น์ธ pm2.5 ๋จ๊ณ์์ ํฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน ์ด์ ์ง๋ 3๋ ํ๊ท ์น์ ๋น๊ตํด๋ณด๋ฉด 20%๊ฐ ๊ฐ์ ๋์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์ธ๋์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ฐ ์ ์์ผ๋ก ๋์์ค๋ฉด ์ค์ผ๋ ์ ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ผ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ฑฑ์ ์ด๋ค. ๋ฑ๋ช ์ ์ ์ ๋ธ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ์ ํด๋ก์ธ ์ ๋๋ก ์ํํ๊ฒ ๋์๋ค.
herald /หher.ษld/
to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happend, or to make something publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it
Himalaya trap
n.
emission /iหmษชส.ษn/
the act of sending out gas, heat, light,
amount of gas, heat, light
sprawling /หsprษห.lษชล/
ad. covered with building across a large area, often ones that have been added gradually over a period of time
respite /หres.paษชt/
n. a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant
normality
n. a state of being normal
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